Fontem paginae Quarcum inspicere

{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:Proton quark structure.svg|thumb|200px|[[Proton]] ex quarcis duobus sursum ("'''u'''p") et uno deorsum ("'''d'''own") compositus. Quarca eadem tria tribus item [[gluon]]ibus haerentur.]]
'''Quarcum'''<ref>{{cite book
 |last = Bobik
 |first = Joseph 
 |author-link =
 |date = 15 Martii [[1998]]
 |title = ''Aquinas on Matter and Form and the Elements''
 |url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=soUFDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PT147ots%3D3fpZjBJgS9&pg=PT147
 |location = Notre Dame Indianae
 |publisher = University of Notre Dame Press
 |page = 147
 |isbn = 0268020000
 |quote = ''It seems appropriate to begin this part with some thoughts no how quarks (which, along with leptons, are said today to be the elements of physical things) remain in the protons of which they are constituents, thoughts patterned after the way in which, in the view of the Aquinas, the four elements of his physical theory remain in the mixed bodies of which they are constituents. These opening thoughts might be given the title '''De Mixtione Quarcorum''', turning the English word “quark” into a second declension neuter Latin noun, “quarcum, -i,” and inserting it into the title, '''De Mixtione Elementorum''', in the place of the word “Elementorum.”''
}}</ref> vel '''quarcium'''<ref>Christian Helfer (1991) ''Lexicon Auxiliare.'' Dritte, sehr verbesserte Auflage. Saarbrücken: Societas Latina.</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''quark'') est [[particula elementaris]] [[fermion]]ica, e qua omnis [[materia]] [[energia nuclearis|nuclearis]] fieri putatur. Quarca a [[Theoria Canonica]] particularum describuntur. Sunt [[sex]] quarcorum genera, vel sapores, quibus nomina quasi poetica data sunt. Nomina Anglica plerumque adhibentur.

Theoria quarcorum a [[physica|physico]] [[Murray Gell-Mann]] proposita est, qui ob hoc inventum [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] anno [[1969]] laureatus est.

[[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] particulae in [[mythistoria]] ''[[Finnegans Wake]]'' [[Iacobus Joyce|Iacobi Joyce]] ortum est.<ref>James Joyce (1982) [1939]. ''Finnegans Wake'' (Penguin Books), 383.</ref>

== Onus electricum ==
Omnia quarca sunt fermiona turbine 1/2, sed quarca inter se differunt tantum in [[massa]] quantum in eorum [[onus electricum|oneribus electricis]]. Quarca [[onus electricum]] modo tenent quod onus elementare electronis <math>e</math> fractioni correspondet: aut <math>\pm 1/3 e</math> aut <math>\pm 2/3 e</math>.

== Natura quarcorum ==
{| class="standard" style="float:right; margin-left:1.0em; margin-bottom:0.5em; text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Signum || colspan="2" | Nomen || rowspan="2" | Onus || rowspan="2" | Massa
|-
! Lat. || Ang.
|-
!colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef"| Primum genus
|-
| ''d'' || [[quarcum deorsum|deorsum]] || ''down''
| −<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> || ~ 5 [[MeV]]/[[Celeritas luminis|c]]²
|-
| ''u'' || [[quarcum sursum|sursum]] || ''up''
| +<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub> || ~ 3 MeV/c²
|-
!colspan="5" style="background-color: #efefef"| Secundum genus
|-
| ''s'' || [[quarcum mirum|mirum]] || ''strange''
| −<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> || 95 ± 25 MeV/c²
|-
| ''c'' || [[quarcum lepor|lepor]] || ''charm''
| +<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub> || 1,8 [[GeV]]/c²
|- CapulloCapulloCapulloCapulloCapullo
! colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef"| Tertium genus
|-
| ''b'' || [[quarcum imum|imum]] || ''bottom'' 
| −<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> || 4,5 GeV/c²
|-
| ''t'' || [[quarcum summum|summum]] || ''top'' 
| +<sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub> || 171 GeV/c²
|}

Quarca in tribus generibus consistere putantur. In genere quarcum cum onus +<sup><nowiki>2</nowiki></sup>/<sub>3</sub> est et alterum onus −<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> habet. Quarca omni interactioni intersunt. Interactiones valentes [[color]]em quarci mutare possunt, sed interactiones infirmae hunc non mutant. Interactiones infirmae [[aroma]]ta quarci mutare possunt.

Unum quarcum avolare non potest, nam interactio valens additum quarcum creat. Haec [[proprietas]] ''arsus'' et ''coersus'' appellatur.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Baryon]]
* [[Neutrinum]]
* [[Lepton]]
* [[Physica particularum minimarum]]
* [[Quarconium]]

== Notae ==
<references />

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2007/listings/qxxx.html Experimentalis informatio de quarcis] Particle Data Group
{{tabula particularum}}
{{Myrias|Physica}}

[[Categoria:Particulae elementares]]
[[Categoria:Quarca| ]]