Fontem paginae Haloperidolum inspicere

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{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Haloperidolum
|-
| style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Haloperidol.svg|200px|Haloperidolum]]
|-
| style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Haloperidol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png|200px|Haloperidolum]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Natura chemica
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>23</sub>CIFNO<sub>2</sub>
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 375.9 g/mol
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3559 3559]
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00502 DB00502]
|-
! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | Codex ATC || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|N05AD|01}}
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | [[Semivita biologica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 14-37 h (per os)<br />21 h (i.m.)
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [[iecur|iecore]] (hepaticus)
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | Excretio || style="font-size: 85%" | [[Faeces|faecibus]] et per urinas
|-
! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | per os, i.m. (, i.v.)
|-
| style="font-size: 85%" | MedlinePlus || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682180.html a682180] {{Ling|Anglice}}
|}

'''Haloperidolum''' est [[substantia]] [[antipsychoticum|antipsychotica]] et propterea [[medicamentum]], quod cogitari potest, ad therapiam [[Schizophrenia|schizophreniarum]] praescriptum, maniae interruptionum bipolarium<ref>[[Anglice]] ''mania of bipolar disorder''; hic formae fem. pluralis, quia haec diagnosis duas interruptiones saltim postulat</ref> sicut [[syndroma Tourette]], delirii.

Haloperidolum in [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|ordinis mundi sanitarii]] [[Index exemplaris medicamentorum essentialium (Ordo mundi sanitarius)|indicem exemplarem medicamentorum essentialium]] receptum est.

== Natura Haloperidoli ==

=== Natura chemica ===
Structura chemica Haloperidoli est 4-[4-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4-fluor-[[butyrophenonum]], quod est [[Atomus|atomo]] [[Fluorum|fluori]] et butyrophenonum (anulus aromaticus ([[benzenum]])) et [[butanum]] cum [[Ketonum|ketono]] et piperidinum (anulus cum uno atomo nitrogenii (ammina secundaria)) et alius anulus aromaticus cum atomo [[Chlorum|chlori]]. Massa molaris est 375.86 g/mol.

=== Natura pharmacologica ===
[[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codex ATC]] est {{ATC|N05AD|01}}. 
=== Pharmacodynamica ===
Haloperidolum potissime [[Receptorium dopamini D2|D<sub>2</sub>]]- et [[Receptorium dopamini D3|D<sub>3</sub>]]-[[receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria]] obsidet.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptorium]] !! Haloperidoli affinitas ligandi, ''K''<sub>i</sub> (nM)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131108013656/http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php</ref> !! Actio pharmacodynamica
|-
| [[Receptorium dopamini D1|dopamini D<sub>1</sub>]] || - ||
|-
| [[Receptorium dopamini D2|dopamini D<sub>2</sub>]] || 1.55 || [[agonista (biochemia)|agonista]] inversa
|-
| [[Receptorium dopamini D3|dopamini D<sub>3</sub>]] || 0.74 || [[agonista (biochemia)|agonista]] inversa
|-
| [[Receptorium dopamini D4|dopamini D<sub>4</sub>]] || 5 - 9|| [[agonista (biochemia)|agonista]] inversa
|-
| [[Receptorium dopamini D5|dopamini D<sub>5</sub>]] || -|| -
|-
|  [[Receptorium serotonini 1A|serotonini 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>]] || 1927 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium serotonini 2A|serotonini 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] || 53 || <ref>{{cite journal |authors=Suzuki H, Gen K, Inoue Y |title=Comparison of the anti-dopamine D₂ and anti-serotonin 5-HT(2A) activities of chlorpromazine, bromperidol, haloperidol and second-generation antipsychotics parent compounds and metabolites thereof |journal=J Psychopharmacol |year=2013 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=396-400 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427194}}</ref>
|-
|  [[Receptorium serotonini 2C|serotonini 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>]] || 10,000 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium serotonini 6|serotonini 5-HT<sub>6</sub>]] || 3666 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium serotonini 7|serotonini 5-HT<sub>7</sub>]] || 377.2 ||
|-
| [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-1|adrenergicum α<sub>1A</sub>]] || 12 ||
|-
| [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-2A|adrenergicum α<sub>2A</sub>]] || 1130 ||
|-
| [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-2B|adrenergicum α<sub>2B</sub>]] || 480 ||
|-
| [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-2C|adrenergicum α<sub>2C</sub>]] || 550 ||
|-
|  [[receptorium histamini H1|histamini H<sub>1</sub>]] || 1,800 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium muscarinicum M1 acetylcholini|muscarinicum acetylcholini M<sub>1</sub>]] || 10,000 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium sigma 1|σ<sub>1</sub>]] || 3 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium sigma 2|σ<sub>2</sub>]] || 54 ||
|-
|  [[Receptorium sigma 2|σ<sub>2</sub>]] || 54 ||
|-
| Receptorium NMDA, subunitas NR1A/2B || 3,000<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Ilyin VI, Whittemore ER, Guastella J, Weber E, Woodward RM |title=Subtype-selective inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by haloperidol |journal=Mol Pharmacol |year=1996 |month=Dec |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=1541-50 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967976}}</ref> ||
|}

=== Pharmacocinetica ===
[[Tempus semivitae biologicum]] <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}}</math>.<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00658.html</ref> 14 — 37 h est. 
Excretio est per urinas et biles.

== Effectus Haloperidoli ==
Haloperidolum est substantia antipsychotica et [[butyrophenonum]]. 

=== Effectus histopathologici ===
Haloperidolum effectus quoque structurae synaptibus ostendit. Numerus spinarum dentriticarum (per [[significans iter AKT-GSK-3 beta|significans iter ''AKT-GSK-3 beta'']]) minuitur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Takaki M, Kodama M, Mizuki Y, Kawai H, Yoshimura B, Kishimoto M, Sakamoto S, Okahisa Y, Yamada N |title=Effects of the antipsychotics haloperidol, [[clozapinum|clozapine]], and [[aripiprazolum|aripiprazole]] on the dendritic spine |journal=Eur Neuropsychopharmacol |year=2018 |pages=S0924-977X(18)30067-1 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571966}}</ref>.

=== Effectus pharmacologici ===
Praeter desiderabiles cum uso Haloperidoli animum advertere ad effectus secundarios et interactiones necesse est.

==== Effectus secundarii ====
Exempli (!) sunt:

'''[[Adversa drogae reactio#Crebritas|Saepe]]''' (1%-10%) 
{{div col|3}}
* 1. Symptomata extrapyramidalia
** [[Dystonia (symptoma)|Dystonia]] 
** Akathisia
** Rigiditas musculorum
* 2. [[Depressio (psychiatria)|Depressio]]
* 3. Somnolentia
* 4. [[Hypotensio]]
{{div col end}}

'''Alia''' 
{{div col|3}}
* [[Intervallum QT]] prolongatum
{{div col end}}

== Interactiones ==
Cum Haloperidolum subtratum enzymi [[CYP3A4]] esset, inhibitores CYP3A4 effectus Haloperidoli augere possint, inductores invicem diminuere, per exemplum:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan=3| <center>Pharmaca cum effectibus Haloperidoli substrati</center>
|-
| Inhibitores cum '''Haloperidoli''' effectibus '''fortioribus''' || Inductores cum '''Haloperidoli''' effectibus '''minoribus'''
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
| 
{{CYP3A4 Inhibitores}}
|
{{CYP3A4 Inductores}}
|}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Area tegmentalis ventralis]]
* [[Lumateperonum]]
* [[Melperonum]]
* [[Pharmacologia]]

== Notae ==
<references/>

[[Categoria:Butyrophenona]]
[[Categoria:Antagonistae dopamini]]
[[Categoria:Antipsychotica]]
[[Categoria:Ordinis mundi sanitarii medicamenta essentialia]]